AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate Questions and Answers (Dumps and Practice Questions)
Question : An organization has configured a VPC with an Internet Gateway (IGW). pairs of public and private
subnets (each with one subnet per Availability Zone), and an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) configured to use the public subnets The applications web tier
leverages the ELB.
Auto Scaling and a multi-AZ RDS database instance The organization would like to eliminate any potential single points ft failure in this design.
What step should you take to achieve this organization's objective?
1. Nothing, there are no single points of failure in this architecture.
2. Create and attach a second IGW to provide redundant internet connectivity.
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4. Create a second multi-AZ RDS instance in another Availability Zone and configurereplication to provide a redundant database.
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Explanation: When you create or modify your DB Instance to run as a Multi-AZ deployment, Amazon RDS automatically provisions and maintains a synchronous "standby"
replica in a different Availability Zone. Updates to your DB Instance are synchronously replicated across Availability Zones to the standby in order to keep
both in sync and protect your latest database updates against DB Instance failure. During certain types of planned maintenance, or in the unlikely event of
DB Instance failure or Availability Zone failure, Amazon RDS will automatically failover to the standby so that you can resume database writes and reads as
soon as the standby is promoted. Since the name record for your DB Instance remains the same, you application can resume database operation without the need
for manual administrative intervention. With Multi-AZ deployments, replication is transparent: you do not interact directly with the standby, and it cannot
be used to serve read traffic. If you are using Amazon RDS for MySQL and are looking to scale read traffic beyond the capacity constraints of a single DB
Instance, you can deploy
An Internet gateway is a horizontally scaled, redundant, and highly available VPC component that allows communication between instances in your VPC and the
Internet. It therefore imposes no availability risks or bandwidth constraints on your network traffic. An Internet gateway serves two purposes: to provide a
target in your VPC route tables for Internet-routable traffic, and to perform network address translation (NAT) for instances that have been assigned public
IP addresses. (So IGW by default redundant)
At its heart, an ELB is just a collection of EC2 instances. When you create an ELB, you specify the availability zones you want that load balancer to be in.
Instances to make up the load balancer will then be created in those zones. The way they avoid a single point of failure here is by returning multiple IP
addresses when you do a DNS lookup. For example:
.DNS lookup for website.example.com returns CNAME website-elb-12345.eu-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com
.The lookup also returns the information for website-elb-12345.eu-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com. It states that the site has IP address 1.2.3.4 and IP address
2.3.4.5
It is up to the client to choose which IP address to use to make a connection. The IP addresses won't always be returned in the same order from the DNS
lookup. A client could retry on an alternative IP address if they can't connect on the first attempt.
The TTL on the DNS records for an ELB is only 60 seconds which means that should an ELB instance die and get replaced, the DNS will be updated everywhere
fairly quickly.
Link : http://shlomoswidler.com/2009/07/elastic-in-elastic-load-balancing-elb.html
Question :
Your company has a backup policy that requires backed up data to be "quickly" accessible within minutes for the first 6 months
of the data life. After the first 6 months your data can be archived. How would you automatically handle this procedure?
1. Write a script that moves data stored on an EBS volume to S3 after 6 months.
2. Use Amazon Direct Connect to store the data onsite and back it up to S3.
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4. None of the above
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Explanation:
Question :
To enable RDS snapshots what storage engine must MySQL tables be configured with?
1. InnoDB
2. MyISAM
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4. RDS
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Explanation: Amazon RDS for MySQL currently supports MySQL 5.1, 5.5 and 5.6 (Community Edition) with InnoDB as the default database storage engine. Amazon RDS for
Oracle currently supports Oracle Database 11gR2. Amazon RDS for SQL Server currently supports 2008 R2 and SQL Server 2012. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL
currently supports PostgreSQL 9.3.
Related Questions
Question : You are designing a web application that stores static assets in an Amazon Simple Storage
Service (S3) bucket. You expect this bucket to immediately receive over 150 PUT requests
per second. What should you do to ensure optimal performance?
1. Use multi-part upload.
2. Add a random prefix to the key names.
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4. Use a predictable naming scheme, such as sequential numbers or date time sequences, in the key names
Ans : 2
Exp : The sequence pattern in the key names introduces a performance problem. To understand the issue, let,s look at how Amazon S3 stores key names.
Amazon S3 maintains an index of object key names in each AWS region. Object keys are stored lexicographically across multiple partitions in the index. That
is, Amazon S3 stores key names in alphabetical order. The key name dictates which partition the key is stored in. Using a sequential prefix, such as
timestamp or an alphabetical sequence, increases the likelihood that Amazon S3 will target a specific partition for a large number of your keys,
overwhelming the I/O capacity of the partition. If you introduce some randomness in your key name prefixes, the key names, and therefore the I/O load, will
be distributed across more than one partition.
If you anticipate that your workload will consistently exceed 100 requests per second, you should avoid sequential key names. If you must use sequential
numbers or date and time patterns in key names, add a random prefix to the key name. The randomness of the prefix more evenly distributes key names across
multiple index partitions. Examples of introducing randomness are provided later in this topic.
Note
The guidelines provided for the key name prefixes in the following section also apply to the bucket name. When Amazon S3 stores a key name in the index, it
stores the bucket names as part of the key name (for example, examplebucket/object.jpg).
Example 1: Add a Hex Hash Prefix to Key Name
One way to introduce randomness to key names is to add a hash string as prefix to the key name. For example, you can compute an MD5 hash of the character
sequence that you plan to assign as the key name. From the hash, pick a specific number of characters, and add them as the prefix to the key name. The
following example shows key names with a four-character hash.
If you anticipate that your workload will consistently exceed 100 requests per second, you should avoid sequential key names. If you must use sequential
numbers or date and time patterns in key names, add a random prefix to the key name. The randomness of the prefix more evenly distributes key names across
multiple index partitions. Examples of introducing randomness are provided later in this topic.
Question : You have a load balancer configured for VPC, and all back-end Amazon EC instances are
in service. However, your web browser times out when connecting to the load balancer's
DNS name. Which options are probable causes of this behavior? Choose 2 answers
A. The load balancer was not configured to use a public subnet with an Internet gateway configured
B. The Amazon EC2 instances do not have a dynamically allocated private IP address
C. The security groups or network ACLs are not property configured for web traffic.
D. The load balancer is not configured in a private subnet with a NAT instance.
E. The VPC does not have a VGW configured.
1. A,B
2. B,C
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4. D,E
Ans: 1
Question : A company needs to deploy services to an AWS region which they have not previously
used. The company currently has an AWS identity and Access Management (IAM) role for
the Amazon EC2 instances, which permits the instance to have access to Amazon
DynamoDB. The company wants their EC2 instances in the new region to have the same
privileges. How should the company achieve this?
1. Create a new IAM role and associated policies within the new region
2. Assign the existing IAM role to the Amazon EC2 instances in the new region
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4. Create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) of the instance and copy it to the desired region using the AMI Copy feature
Ans : 2
Question : How can an EBS volume that is currently attached to an EC instance be migrated from one Availability Zone to another?
1. Detach the volume and attach it to another EC2 instance in the other AZ.
2. Simply create a new volume in the other AZ and specify the original volume as the source.
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4. Detach the volume, then use the ec2-migrate-voiume command to move it to another AZ
Question : You are using an m.small EC Instance with one GB EBS volume to host a relational database.
You determined that write throughput to the database needs to be increased. Which of the following approaches can help achieve this? Choose 2 answers
A. Use an array of EBS volumes.
B. Enable Multi-AZ mode.
C. Place the instance in an Auto Scaling Groups
D. Add an EBS volume and place into RAID 5.
E. Increase the size of the EC2 Instance.
F. Put the database behind an Elastic Load Balancer.
1. A,E
2. B,C
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4. D,E
Question : You have an EC security group with several EC instances running inside it. You change the security group rules to allow inbound traffic on
port 443 and you then
launch several new instances in the same security group. The new rules apply:
1. Straight Away but to the new instances only.
2. Straight away to all instances within the security group.
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4. Straight Away to the new instances, but old instances must be stopped and restarted before the new rules apply.
Question : You are deploying an application to collect votes for a very popular television show. Millions of users will submit votes using mobile
devices. The votes must be
collected into a durable, scalable, and highly available data store for real-time public tabulation. Which service should you use?
1. Amazon DynamoDB
2. Amazon Redshift
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4. Amazon Simple Queue Service
Question : Which services allow the customer to retain full administrative privileges of the underlying EC instances?
Choose 2 answers
A. Amazon Elastic Map Reduce
B. Elastic Load Balancing
C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
D. Amazon Elasticache
E. Amazon Relational Database service
1. A,B
2. A,D
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4. C,D
5. A,C
Question : Which technique can be used to integrate AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) with an on-premise LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol) directory service?
1. Use an IAM policy that references the LDAP account identifiers and the AWS credentials.
2. Use SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) to enable single sign-on between AWS and LDAP.
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4. Use IAM roles to automatically rotate the IAM credentials when LDAP credentials are updated.
5. Use the LDAP credentials to restrict a group of users from launching specific EC2 instance types.